The Nature of Wilt Diseases of Plants

The Nature of Wilt Diseases of Plants

Author: C.H. Beckman
ISBN: 9780890540749
Pages: 182
Format: 14 Χ 22
Binding: Hardback
Pub. Year: 1987


The ultimate objective of this book is to advance the ongoing process of modeling vascular diseases of plants, especially Fusarium wilt of tomato. The book features a review of what is known about wilt diseases and then develops a framework in which past, present, and future findings can be classified and correlated.

Contents

Preface; Introduction; The Production, Persistence, and Presentation of Inoculum; Growth and Reproduction in Moribund Tissues of the Host; The Persistence of Fusarium in the Soil; The Colonization of Root Surfaces; Suscept-Parasite Contacts--The Transition Between Persistence in the Soil and Extended Parasitic Growth; Disease Expression in Conducive Versus Suppressive Soils; Fusarium Crown and Root Rot--A Special Case; Modeling the Survival of Fusarium and Its Initial Contact with the Host; Defense Strategies of the Plant; Innate Structural Barriers; Recognition Phenomena; General Defense Responses; Determinative Phase I: Success or Failure of the Pathogen in Penetrating to the Vascular System of the Host; Determining Phase II: Success or Failure of the Pathogen in Colonizing the Vascular System; Modeling the Interaction Between Host and Parasite Within the Vascular System; Defining Parameters of the Model; Defining Components Within the Model; Defenses in the Lateral Direction; Defense in a Longitudinal Direction; A Perspective on Vascular Occlusion; The Activation of the Hormonal System of the Host; Vascular Gels and Gums and Vessel Coatings; Tyloses, Isodiametric Growth, and Increased Vascularization; The Synthesis of Stress Metabolites by the Host in Response to Infection; The Accumulation of Phenolics Following Infection and Their Relation to the Resistance Process; The Lignification and Suberization of Infected Tissues; Phytoalexins Produced in Response to Stress; Other Host Responses That Contribute to Defense; The Defense Strategies of the Plant; Colonization of the Vascular System by the Pathogen; Defining Pathogen Factors That Disrupt Host Defenses; Avoiding or Overcoming Recognition; Avoiding or Overcoming Callose Deposition; Avoiding or Overcoming Vascular Gelation; Avoiding or Overcoming Vascular Blockage by Tylose Occlusion or Vessel Crushing; Avoiding or Overcoming Stress Metabolites; The Suppression of Responses as Reflected in Respiration; Some Thoughts on the Suppressions of Responses; The Expressive Phase of the Disease; The Causes of Wilting--The Great Debate; The Evidence for Vascular Plugging and the Failure of the Water Supply; The Toxin Hypothesis in Relation to Symptom Expression; A Role for Toxins Produced by the Pathogen?; Genetic Variation in the Host and Pathogen; Resistance of Tomato to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 1; Resistance of Tomato to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Races 2 and 3 and to F.o. f.sp. radicis-lycopersici; Resistance of Tomato to Related Disease Organisms; Genetic Variation and Taxonomy of the Pathogens; Genetic Studies of Fusarium oxysporum; Classification and Nomenclature of Host and Pathogen in Terms of Their Interactions; The Cataloging and Mapping of Genes; Environmental Factors in Disease Development; Temperature; Light; Soil Moisture and Aeration; The Effect of Nutrients on Wilt Development; Calcium Nutrition and Soil pH; Nitrogen Nutrition; The Effect of Nonpathogenic Microflora on Disease Development; The Effect of Nematode Infections on Wilt Expression; Control Measures; Reducing Inoculum Load in the Soil; The Problem of Soil Reinfestation; The Control of Soil Reinfestation; The Use of Systemic Chemicals for Wilt Control; The Limitations of Chemical Control; The Use of Biological Control; The Selection, Development, and Maintenance of Suppressive Soils; Altering the Soil Nutrients; The Use of Resistant Cultivars; Building a Strategy for Control; A Look Toward the Future; References