Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits

Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits

This impressive new reference presents state-of-the-art biological, molecular, and immunological advances surrounding the causes and strategies for diagnosing and controlling virus diseases of stone fruits. The book’s vivid color images aid in the visual identification of symptomatology while distribution data and improved laboratory techniques provide reliable information and tools for higher diagnostic accuracy. It includes information on economic impact, biology, distribution, taxonomy, genomes, epidemiology, pathogenicity detection, and control measures. This will be an important resource for anyone working with these high-value crops.
From the Preface:
Graft transmissible diseases of pome and stone fruits have been known for several centuries to reduce yield and quality of fruits before the discovery that their etiological agents are viruses, viroids or phytoplasmas. The recognition that these agents are involved in the etiology of pome and/or stone fruit diseases was revealed during the first few decades of the 20th century for viruses and the 1970s and 1980s for viroids and phytoplasmas. During the last three decades much progress has been made in the fields of plant virology, molecular biology, genomics, biotechnology, and immunology, which significantly accelerated and facilitated research on these pathogens. As a consequence, the flow of published information on these systemic pathogens has increased steadily, reporting both new findings on known pathogens and the discovery of new ones. After having collaborated with each other for many years in this research field, Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits was conceived in 2004 with our recognition of the need for a book that would provide state-of-the-art information on biological, molecular and immunological advances in our knowledge of these pathogens and of strategies to control them. This book presents the result of this team endeavour, providing up to date information in a comprehensive, scientific, and systematic manner.

CONTENTS

Part I. Introduction
Chapter 1: Economic Impact of Pome and Stone Fruit Viruses and Viroids
A. Hadidi and M. Barba
Chapter 2: Economic Impact of Pome and Stone Fruit Phytoplasmas
B. C. Kirkpatrick, G. Pasquini, S. Scott, and X. Foissac
Chapter 3: Classification of Pome and Stone Fruit Viruses, Viroids, and Phytoplasmas
G. P. Martelli, R. Flores, and B. Schneider

Part II. Pome Fruit Viruses and Related Diseases
Chapter 4: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus in Pome Fruits
H. Yaegashi, N. Yoshikawa, and T. Candresse
Chapter 5: Apple latent spherical virus
H. Koganezawa and T. Ito
Chapter 6: Apple mosaic virus in Pome Fruits
K. Petrzik and O. Lenz
Chapter 7: Apple stem grooving virus
S. Massart, M. H. Jijakli, and J. Kummert
Chapter 8: Apple stem pitting virus
W. Jelkmann and S. Paunovic
Chapter 9: Tomato ringspot virus
H. Sanfaçon and M. Fuchs

art III. Pome Fruit Viroids and Related Diseases
Chapter 10: Apple dimple fruit viroid
F. Di Serio, M. Malfitano, D. Alioto, A. Ragozzino, and R. Flores
Chapter 11: Apple fruit crinkle viroid
H. Koganezawa and T. Ito
Chapter 12: Apple scar skin viroid
A. Hadidi and M. Barba
Chapter 13: Pear blister canker viroid
R. Flores, S. Ambrós, G. Llácer, and C. Hernández

Part IV. Pome Fruit Phytoplasmas and Related Diseases
Chapter 14: Apple Proliferation Phytoplasma
E. Seemüller, L. Carraro, W. Jarausch, and B. Schneider
Chapter 15: Apple Sessile Leaf Phytoplasma
R. Jomantiene and R. E. Davis
Chapter 16: Pear Decline Phytoplasma
E. Seemüller, B. Schneider, and B. Jarausch

Part V. Stone Fruit Viruses and Related Diseases
Chapter 17: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus in Stone Fruits
A. Myrta, S. Matic, T. Malinowski, G. Pasquini, and T. Candresse
Chapter 18: Apple mosaic virus in Stone Fruits
S. Paunovic, G. Pasquini, and M. Barba
Chapter 19: Apricot latent virus
L. G. Nemchinov, P. Gentit, E. Zemcic, T. Candresse, and A. Hadidi
Chapter 20: Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus
T. Candresse, D. Liberti, M. Barone, A. Marais, and A. Ragozzino
Chapter 21: Asian Prunus Viruses
T. Candresse, A. Marais, L. Svanella-Dumas, and P. Gentit
Chapter 22: Cherry Detrimental Canker
W. Jelkmann
Chapter 23: Cherry green ring mottle virus
W. Jelkmann, M. Rott, and J. K. Uyemoto
Chapter 24: Cherry leaf roll virus
C. Büttner, S. von Bargen, M. Bandte, and A. Myrta
Chapter 25: Cherry mottle leaf virus
D. James
Chapter 26: Cherry necrotic rusty mottle and Cherry rusty mottle viruses
M. Rott and W. Jelkmann
Chapter 27: Cherry rasp leaf virus
D. James
Chapter 28: Cherry Twisted Leaf Disease and its Associated Virus
D. James
Chapter 29: Cherry virus A
A. Marais, T. Candresse, L. Svanella-Dumas, and W. Jelkmann
Chapter 30: Epirus cherry virus
A. Avgelis and M. Barba
Chapter 31: Little cherry virus-1 and -2
W. Jelkmann and K. C. Eastwell
Chapter 32: Nematode-Borne Viruses of Stone Fruits
G. P. Martelli and J. K. Uyemoto
Chapter 33: Peach mosaic virus
H. J. Larsen and D. James
Chapter 34: Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associatedvirus
D. Boscia, A. Myrta, and J. K. Uyemoto
Chapter 35: American plum line pattern virus
A. Myrta, M. C. Herranz, E. Choueiri, and V. Pallás
Chapter 36: Plum pox virus
M. Barba, A. Hadidi, T. Candresse, and M. Cambra
Chapter 37: Prune dwarf virus
K. Çağlayan, C. Ulubas Serce, M. Gazel, and C. Varveri
Chapter 38: Prunus necrotic ringspot virus
R. W. Hammond
Chapter 39: Stocky prune virus
T. Candresse, L. Svanella-Dumas, and P. Gentit

Part VI. Stone Fruit Viroids and Related Diseases
Chapter 40: Peach latent mosaic viroid and its Diseases in Peach Trees
R. Flores, F. Di Serio, C. Hernández, M. Barba, and A. Hadidi
Chapter 41: Peach latent mosaic viroid in Naturally Infected Temperate Fruit Trees
L. Giunchedi, P. E. Kyriakopoulou, M. Barba, and A. Hadidi
Chapter 42: Hop stunt viroid
T. Sano
Part VII. Stone Fruit Phytoplasmas and Related Diseases
Chapter 43: European Stone Fruit Yellows Phytoplasma
C. Marcone, B. Jarausch, W. Jarausch, and F. Dosba
Chapter 44: X-Disease Phytoplasma
J. K. Uyemoto and B. C. Kirkpatrick
Chapter 45: Peach Yellow Leaf Roll Phytoplasma
B. C. Kirkpatrick and J. K. Uyemoto
Chapter 46: Peach Rosette Phytoplasma
A. Ragozzino
Chapter 47: Cherry Lethal Yellows and Decline Phytoplasmas
S. F. Zhu, A. Bertaccini, I.-M.Lee, S. Paltrinieri, and A. Hadidi

Part VIII. Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits of Undetermined Etiology
Chapter 48: Virus-like Disorders of Fruit Trees with Undetermined Etiology
W. E. Howell, D. Thompson, and S. Scott

Part IX. Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Nuts, Figs, and Olive Trees
Chapter 49: Hazel Mosaic
A. Ragozzino
Chapter 50: Virus and Phytoplasma Diseases of Almond
V. Savino, A. Bazzoni, and D. Boscia
Chapter 51: Almond Witches’-Broom Phytoplasma
X. Foissac, E. Choueiri, and J.-M Bové
Chapter 52: Fig Mosaic Disease and Associated Pathogens
G. P. Martelli
Chapter 53: Viruses, Phytoplasmas, and Diseases of Unknown Etiology of Olive Trees
K. Çağlayan, F. Faggioli, and M. Barba

Part X. Detection Methods for Pome and Stone Fruit Viruses, Viroids and Phytoplasmas
Chapter 54: Biological Indexing
D. Thompson, W. E. Howell, and M. Kolber
Chapter 55: Immunology and Immunological Assays Applied to the Detection, Diagnosis and Control of Fruit Tree Viruses
M. Cambra, D. Boscia, M. Gil, E. Bertolini, and A. Olmos
Chapter 56: Fluorescent and Ultramicroscopic Methods for Plant Virus Diagnostics and the Study of Virus-Plant Cell Interactions
V. Hari, M. H. A. Ghaffar, and V. Undyala
Chapter 57: Double-Stranded RNAs and their Use for Characterization of Recalcitrant Viruses
R. R. Martin, W. Jelkmann, and I. E. Tzanetakis
Chapter 58: Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis for Viroid Detection
D. Hanold, J. W. Randles, and A. Hadidi
Chapter 59: Molecular Hybridization Techniques for Detecting and Studying Fruit Tree Viruses and Viroids
V. Pallas, F. Faggioli, F. Aparico, and J. A. Sanchez-Navarro
Chapter 60: Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Systemic Plant Pathogens
A. Hadidi, A. Olmos, G. Pasquini, M. Barba, R. R. Martin, and A. M. Shamloul
Chapter 61: DNA Microarrays and Other Future Trends in Detection and Typing of Viruses, Viroids, and Phytoplasmas
M. Barba and A. Hadidi

Part XI. Control Measures for Pome and Stone Fruit Viruses, Viroids and Phytoplasmas
Chapter 62: Strategies for Control of Systemic Pathogens of Fruit Trees – An Overview
A. Hadidi, G. Pasquini, M. Barba, S. Spiegel, A. Zaidi, and A. Crescenzi
Chapter 63: Vector Control of Fruit Tree Viruses and Phytoplasmas
L. Carraro, G. Labonne, and S. Dallot
Chapter 64: Exclusion of Pome and Stone Fruit Viruses, Viroids, and Phytoplasmas by Certification and Quarantine
P. J. Reed and J. A. Foster
Chapter 65: Elimination of Systemic Pathogens by Thermotherapy, Tissue Culture, or In Vitro Micrografting
M. Laimer and M. Barba
Chapter 66: Biotechnological Approaches for Resistance to Viruses, Viroids, and Phytoplasmas
M. Ravelonandro, R. Scorza, and R. W. Hammond
Chapter 67: Breeding for Resistance to Plum pox virus
V. Decroocq, M.-L Badenes, and M. Neumüller
Chapter 68: Control Measures of Pome and Stone Fruit Viruses, Viroids, and Phytoplasmas: Role of International Organizations
A.-S. Roy