Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition

Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition
Recipes to Begin, Expand, and Enhance Your Projects

Want to create devices that interact with the physical world? This cookbook is perfect for anyone who wants to experiment with the popular Arduino microcontroller and programming environment. You’ll find more than 200 tips and techniques for building a variety of objects and prototypes such as toys, detectors, robots, and interactive clothing that can sense and respond to touch, sound, position, heat, and light.
You don’t need to have mastered Arduino or programming to get started. Updated for the Arduino 1.0 release, the recipes in this second edition include practical examples and guidance to help you begin, expand, and enhance your projects right away—whether you’re an artist, designer, hobbyist, student, or engineer.
• Get up to speed on the Arduino board and essential software concepts quickly
• Learn basic techniques for reading digital and analog signals
• Use Arduino with a variety of popular input devices and sensors
• Drive visual displays, generate sound, and control several types of motors
• Interact with devices that use remote controls, including TVs and appliances
• Learn techniques for handling time delays and time measurement
• Apply advanced coding and memory handling techniques
 
Contents

1. Chapter 1 Getting Started
1. Introduction
2. Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
3. Setting Up the Arduino Board
4. Using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to Prepare an Arduino Sketch
5. Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch
6. Creating and Saving a Sketch
7. Using Arduino
2. Chapter 2 Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding
1. Introduction
2. Structuring an Arduino Program
3. Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables)
4. Using Floating-Point Numbers
5. Working with Groups of Values
6. Using Arduino String Functionality
7. Using C Character Strings
8. Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups
9. Converting a Number to a String
10. Converting a String to a Number
11. Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks
12. Returning More Than One Value from a Function
13. Taking Actions Based on Conditions
14. Repeating a Sequence of Statements
15. Repeating Statements with a Counter
16. Breaking Out of Loops
17. Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable
18. Comparing Character and Numeric Values
19. Comparing Strings
20. Performing Logical Comparisons
21. Performing Bitwise Operations
22. Combining Operations and Assignment
3. Chapter 3 Using Mathematical Operators
1. Introduction
2. Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing
3. Incrementing and Decrementing Values
4. Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values
5. Determining the Absolute Value
6. Constraining a Number to a Range of Values
7. Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values
8. Raising a Number to a Power
9. Taking the Square Root
10. Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down
11. Using Trigonometric Functions
12. Generating Random Numbers
13. Setting and Reading Bits
14. Shifting Bits
15. Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long
16. Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes
4. Chapter 4 Serial Communications
1. Introduction
2. Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer
3. Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino
4. Receiving Serial Data in Arduino
5. Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message
6. Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino
7. Sending Binary Data from Arduino
8. Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer
9. Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino
10. Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino Pins
11. How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac
12. Controlling Google Earth Using Arduino
13. Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer
14. Sending Data to Two Serial Devices at the Same Time
15. Receiving Serial Data from Two Devices at the Same Time
16. Setting Up Processing on Your Computer to Send and Receive Serial Data
5. Chapter 5 Simple Digital and Analog Input
1. Introduction
2. Using a Switch
3. Using a Switch Without External Resistors
4. Reliably Detecting the Closing of a Switch
5. Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed
6. Reading a Keypad
7. Reading Analog Values
8. Changing the Range of Values
9. Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs
10. Displaying Voltages Up to 5V
11. Responding to Changes in Voltage
12. Measuring Voltages More Than 5V (Voltage Dividers)
6. Chapter 6 Getting Input from Sensors
1. Introduction
2. Detecting Movement
3. Detecting Light
4. Detecting Motion (Integrating Passive Infrared Detectors)
5. Measuring Distance
6. Measuring Distance Accurately
7. Detecting Vibration
8. Detecting Sound
9. Measuring Temperature
10. Reading RFID Tags
11. Tracking Rotary Movement
12. Tracking the Movement of More Than One Rotary Encoder
13. Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy Sketch
14. Using a Mouse
15. Getting Location from a GPS
16. Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope
17. Detecting Direction
18. Getting Input from a Game Control Pad (PlayStation)
19. Reading Acceleration
7. Chapter 7 Visual Output
1. Introduction
2. Connecting and Using LEDs
3. Adjusting the Brightness of an LED
4. Driving High-Power LEDs
5. Adjusting the Color of an LED
6. Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph
7. Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence (Knight Rider)
8. Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing
9. Displaying Images on an LED Matrix
10. Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing
11. Driving a 7-Segment LED Display
12. Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing
13. Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays Using MAX7221 Shift Registers
14. Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers
15. Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips (TLC5940)
16. Using an Analog Panel Meter as a Display
8. Chapter 8 Physical Output
1. Introduction
2. Controlling the Position of a Servo
3. Controlling One or Two Servos with a Potentiometer or Sensor
4. Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos
5. Controlling Servos Using Computer Commands
6. Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller)
7. Controlling Solenoids and Relays
8. Making an Object Vibrate
9. Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor
10. Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
11. Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
12. Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors (L293 H-Bridge)
13. Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor
14. Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board)
15. Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor (ULN2003A)
9. Chapter 9 Audio Output
1. Introduction
2. Playing Tones
3. Playing a Simple Melody
4. Generating More Than One Simultaneous Tone
5. Generating Audio Tones and Fading an LED
6. Playing a WAV File
7. Controlling MIDI
8. Making an Audio Synthesizer
10. Chapter 10 Remotely Controlling External Devices
1. Introduction
2. Responding to an Infrared Remote Control
3. Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals
4. Imitating Remote Control Signals
5. Controlling a Digital Camera
6. Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote-Controlled Switch
11. Chapter 11 Using Displays
1. Introduction
2. Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display
3. Formatting Text
4. Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off
5. Scrolling Text
6. Displaying Special Symbols
7. Creating Custom Characters
8. Displaying Symbols Larger Than a Single Character
9. Displaying Pixels Smaller Than a Single Character
10. Connecting and Using a Graphical LCD Display
11. Creating Bitmaps for Use with a Graphical Display
12. Displaying Text on a TV
12. Chapter 12 Using Time and Dates
1. Introduction
2. Creating Delays
3. Using millis to Determine Duration
4. More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse
5. Using Arduino as a Clock
6. Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function
7. Using a Real-Time Clock
13. Chapter 13 Communicating Using I2C and SPI
1. Introduction
2. Controlling an RGB LED Using the BlinkM Module
3. Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer
4. Interfacing to an External Real-Time Clock
5. Adding External EEPROM Memory
6. Reading Temperature with a Digital Thermometer
7. Driving Four 7-Segment LEDs Using Only Two Wires
8. Integrating an I2C Port Expander
9. Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment Displays Using SPI
10. Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards
14. Chapter 14 Wireless Communication
1. Introduction
2. Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules
3. Connecting Arduino to a ZigBee or 802.15.4 Network
4. Sending a Message to a Particular XBee
5. Sending Sensor Data Between XBees
6. Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee
7. Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Transceivers
8. Communicating with Bluetooth Devices
15. Chapter 15 Ethernet and Networking
1. Introduction
2. Setting Up the Ethernet Shield
3. Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically
4. Resolving Hostnames to IP Addresses (DNS)
5. Requesting Data from a Web Server
6. Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML
7. Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server
8. Handling Incoming Web Requests
9. Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages
10. Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses
11. Serving Web Pages Using Forms (POST)
12. Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data
13. Sending Twitter Messages
14. Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP)
15. Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server
16. Monitoring Pachube Feeds
17. Sending Information to Pachube
16. Chapter 16 Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries
1. Introduction
2. Using the Built-in Libraries
3. Installing Third-Party Libraries
4. Modifying a Library
5. Creating Your Own Library
6. Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries
7. Updating Third-Party Libraries for Arduino 1.0
17. Chapter 17 Advanced Coding and Memory Handling
1. Introduction
2. Understanding the Arduino Build Process
3. Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM
4. Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory
5. Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory
6. Using #define and const Instead of Integers
7. Using Conditional Compilations
18. Chapter 18 Using the Controller Chip Hardware
1. Introduction
2. Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory
3. Using Hardware Interrupts
4. Setting Timer Duration
5. Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration
6. Creating a Pulse Generator
7. Changing a Timer’s PWM Frequency
8. Counting Pulses
9. Measuring Pulses More Accurately
10. Measuring Analog Values Quickly
11. Reducing Battery Drain
12. Setting Digital Pins Quickly
13. Uploading Sketches Using a Programmer
14. Replacing the Arduino Bootloader
15. Reprogram the Uno to Emulate a Native USB device
1. Appendix Electronic Components
1. Capacitor
2. Diode
3. Integrated Circuit
4. Keypad
5. LED
6. Motor (DC)
7. Optocoupler
8. Photocell (Photoresistor)
9. Piezo
10. Pot (Potentiometer)
11. Relay
12. Resistor
13. Solenoid
14. Speaker
15. Stepper Motor
16. Switch
17. Transistor
18. See Also
2. Appendix Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets
1. How to Read a Data Sheet
2. Choosing and Using Transistors for Switching
3. Appendix Building and Connecting the Circuit
1. Using a Breadboard
2. Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries
3. Using Capacitors for Decoupling
4. Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads
5. Working with AC Line Voltages
4. Appendix Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems
1. Code That Won’t Compile
2. Code That Compiles but Does Not Work as Expected
5. Appendix Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
1. Still Stuck?
6. Appendix Digital and Analog Pins
7. Appendix ASCII and Extended Character Sets
8. Appendix Migrating to Arduino 1.0
1. Migrating Print Statements
2. Migrating Wire (I2C) Statements
3. Migrating Ethernet Statements
4. Migrating Libraries
5. New Stream Parsing Functions
9. Colophon