Mobile Opportunistic Networks

Mobile Opportunistic Networks
Architectures, Protocols and Applications

The widespread availability of mobile devices coupled with recent advancements in networking capabilities make opportunistic networks one of the most promising technologies for next-generation mobile applications. Are you ready to make your mark?
Featuring the contributions of prominent researchers from academia and industry, Mobile Opportunistic Networks: Architectures, Protocols and Applications introduces state-of-the-art research findings, technologies, tools, and innovations. From fundamentals to advanced concepts, the book provides the comprehensive technical coverage of this rapidly emerging communications technology you need to make contributions in this area.
The first section focuses on modeling, networking architecture, and routing problems. The second section examines opportunistic networking technologies and applications. Presenting the latest in modeling opportunistic network connection structures and pairwise contacts, the text discusses the fundamentals of opportunistic routing. It reviews the most-popular routing protocols and introduces a routing protocol for delivering data with load balancing and reliable transmission capabilities.
• Details an approach to analyzing user behavior based on realistic data in opportunistic networks
• Presents analytical approaches for mobility and heterogeneous connections management in mobile opportunistic networks
• Compares credit-based incentive schemes for mobile wireless ad hoc networks and challenged networks
• Discusses the combined strengths of cache-based approaches and Infostation-based approaches
Addressing key research challenges and open issues, this complete technical guide reports on the latest advancements in the deployment of stationary relay nodes on vehicular opportunistic networks. It also illustrates the use of the service location and planning (SLP) technique for resource utilization with quality of service (QoS) constraints in opportunistic capability utilization networks. The book introduces a novel prediction-based routing protocol, and supplies authoritative coverage of communication architectures, network algorithms and protocols, emerging applications, industrial and professional standards, and experimental studies—including simulation tools and implementation test beds.

Contents

Routing In Mobile Opportunistic Networks; Libo Song and David F. Kotz
Routing Protocol
Direct Delivery Protocol
Epidemic Routing Protocol
Random Routing
PRoPHET Protocol
Link-State Protocol
Timely Contact Probability
Our Routing Protocol
Receiver Decision
Sender Decision
Multinode Relay
Evaluation Results
Mobility Traces
Simulator
Message Generation
Metrics
Results
State of the Art in Modeling Opportunistic Networks; Thabotharan Kathiravelu and Arnold Pears
Trace Collection and Analysis
Modeling Contacts
Mobility Models
New Generation Models
Simulation Tools for Modeling and Analysis
A Connectivity Model
Application of the Connectivity Model and a Content Distribution Scenario–Based Study
Related Work in Connectivity Modeling
Open Problems and Challenges
Credit-Based Cooperation Enforcement Schemes Tailored to Opportunistic Networks; Isaac Woungang & Mieso K. Denko
Opportunistic Networking Paradigm
Types of Opportunistic Networks
Routing in Opportunistic Networks
Motivation for Studying Cooperation Schemes Tailored to Opportunistic Networks Context of Our Study
Elementary Cooperation
Layered Cooperation
Notations and Definitions of Basic Terms
Node Misbehaviors
Attack Types
Cooperation and Transactions
Incentive Patterns and Incentive Scheme Characteristics
Security and Trust Models
Implementation and Performance
Payment and Rewarding Models
Data Dissemination and Path Identification Strategies
Evaluation of Credit-Based Incentive Schemes
Secure Incentive Protocol (SeIP)
The Secure Multilayer Credit-Based Incentive Scheme (SMART)
The Express Protocol
Incentive-Compatible Opportunistic Routing (ICOR)
Incentive-Aware Routing (IAR)
Coupons
Fair Incentive Protocol (FIP)
E2-SCAN Protocol
Conclusions and Future Trends
Opportunism in Mobile Ad Hoc Networking; Marcello Caleffi & Luigi Paura
Opportunistic Routing
Benefits
Multiuser Diversity
Challenges
Opportunistic Protocols
Extremely Opportunistic Routing
Simple Opportunistic Adaptive Routing
MORE
MIXIT
Multi-Channel Extremely Opportunistic Routing
Opportunistic DHT-Based Routing
Comparison of the Considered Protocols
Future Work Issues
Opportunistic Routing for Load-Balancing and Reliable Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks; Min Chen, Wen Ji, Xiaofei Wang, Wei Cai, & Lingxia Liao
Related Work
RLRR Design Issues
Accurate and Up-to-date Energy Information
Load Balancing
Reliability
Loop Freedom
Low-Cost Sensor Design
The RLRR Protocol
The RLRR Mechanism
Time Gradient Calculation
Solving the Dead-End Problem
Loop Freedom in RLRR
Performance Metrics
Effects of ΔTG
Comparison of RLRR, EDDD, DD and GEAR with Variable Link Failure Rates
Trace-Based Analysis of Mobile User Behaviors for Opportunistic Networks; Wei-Jen Hsu & Ahmed Helmy
Background on Opportunistic Networks
The TRACE Framework
Data Sets Used
Trace Collection Methods
Derivation of Encounter Events from WLAN Traces
Individual User Associations in Wireless LAN Traces
Dimensions of Analysis
Activeness of the Users
Macro-Level Mobility of Users
Micro-Level Mobility of Users
Repetitive Association Pattern of Users
Conclusions for the Individual Behavior Analysis
Nodal Encounter Patterns and Their Impact on Opportunistic Networks
Dimensions of Analysis
Distribution of Encounter Events
Encounter-Relationship Graph
Capturing User Friendship in WLAN Traces
Information Diffusion Using Encounters
Ideal Scenarios
Selfish Users
Removal of Short Encounters
Conclusions for the Encounter Analysis
Future Research Directions
Quality of Service in an Opportunistic Capability Utilization Network; Leszek Lilien, Zill E-Huma Kamal, Ajay Gupta, Isaac Woungang, & Elvira Bonilla Tamez
Introduction
Oppnet Use Scenarios
Classes of Opportunistic Networks and Oppnets
Basic Oppnet Operations and Categories of Helpers
Quality of Service in Oppnets
QoS and Resource Utilization in Oppnets
Service Location and Planning Mechanism for Resource Utilization in Oppnets
Using SLP Model for Resource Utilization in Oppnets
Scenarios Illustrating Use of SLP in Oppnets
Related Work on Optimization Problems and Pervasive Computing
Related Work on Optimization Problems
Related Work on Pervasive Computing Technologies
Using Semantic Web to Specify QoS Requirements in Oppnets
Basics of the Semantic Web
Semantic Web Services and Their Specification
Semantic Web Service Specification
Semantic QoS Specifications
Related Work on the Semantic Web and QoS
Semantic Web Services in Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing
Semantic Web Services in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Semantic Web Services in Peer-to-Peer and Grid Environments
Proposed Semantic QoS Specification Solution for Oppnets
The Oppnet SCOW-Q Model
Oppnet SCOW-Q for Seed Nodes and Control Center
Classification of Helpers According to Their Access, Capability, and QoS Specifications
Effective File Transfer in Mobile Opportunistic Networks; Ling-Jyh Chen & Ting-Kai Huang
Related Work
Mobile Data Transfer
Opportunistic Network Routing
The Proposed Approach: M-FTP
M-FTP Architecture
Collaborative Forwarding Algorithm
Evaluation
Evaluation Scenarios
Evaluation I: Service Ratio
Evaluation II: With Free Riders
Evaluation III: Traffic Overhead
Discussion
Stationary Relay Nodes Deployment on Vehicular Opportunistic Networks; Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Vasco N. G. J. Soares, & Farid Farahmand
Stationary Relay Nodes
Research Efforts on Increasing Vehicular Opportunistic Networks Performance with Stationary Relay Nodes
Impact of Stationary Relay Nodes on the Performance of Vehicular Opportunistic Networks
Scenario I: Urban Connectivity
Simulation Settings
Results Analysis
Scenario II: Rural Connectivity
Simulation Settings
Results Analysis
Connection Enhancement for Mobile Opportunistic Networks; Weihuang Fu, Kuheli Louha, & Dharma P. Agrawal
Mobility and Heterogeneous Connections
Mobility Models
Connection Process
Heterogeneous Connections
Network Capacity
Network Selection
Network Discovery
Network-Based Network Discovery
Terminal-Based Network Discovery
Network Selection Algorithms
Fuzzy Logic–Based Scheme
Multi-Attribute Decision Making Scheme
Message Forwarding
Single-Copy Forwarding
Direct Forwarding
Randomized Forwarding
Mobility-Based Forwarding
Location-Based Forwarding
Probability-Based Forwarding
Cost-Based Approach
Utility-Based Approach
Multicopy Forwarding
Epidemic Forwarding
Utility-Based Forwarding
Index