Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks

Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks
Principles, Protocols and Applications

The military, the research community, emergency services, and industrial environments all rely on ad hoc mobile wireless networks because of their simple infrastructure and minimal central administration. Now in its second edition, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications explains the concepts, mechanism, design, and performance of these highly valued systems.
Following an overview of wireless network fundamentals, the book explores MAC layer, routing, multicast, and transport layer protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. Next, it examines quality of service and energy management systems. Additional chapters cover mobility models for multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks as well as cross-layer design issues.
Exploring Bluetooth, IrDA (Infrared Data Association), HomeRF, WiFi, WiMax, Wireless Internet, and Mobile IP, the book contains appropriate examples and problems at the end of each chapter to illustrate each concept. This second edition has been completely updated with the latest technology and includes a new chapter on recent developments in the field, including sensor networks, personal area networks (PANs), smart dress, and vehicular ad hoc networks.
Self-organized, self-configured, and self-controlled, ad hoc mobile wireless networks will continue to be valued for a range of applications, as they can be set up and deployed anywhere and anytime. This volume captures the current state of the field as well as upcoming challenges awaiting researchers.

Contents

Introduction
Fundamentals of Wireless Networks
Bluetooth
IrDA 3
HomeRF
IEE 802.11 (WiFi)
IEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
Hotspots
Mesh Networking
Wireless Internet
IP Limitations
Mobile Internet Protocol (IP)
Discovering the Care-of Address
Registering the Care-of Address
Authentication
Automatic Home Agent Discovery
Tunneling to the Care-of Address
Issues in Mobile IP
What Are Ad Hoc Networks?
Difference between Cellular and Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Applications of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Technical and Research Challenges
Issues in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
MAC Layer Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Important Issues and Need for Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols
Need for Special MAC Protocols
Classification of MAC Protocols
Contention-Based MAC Protocols
Contention-Based MAC Protocols with Reservation Mechanisms
MAC Protocols Using Directional Antennas
Multiple-Channel MAC Protocols
Power-Aware or Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols
Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Design Issues of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks
Routing Architecture
Unidirectional Links Support
Usage of Superhosts
Quality of Service (QoS) Routing
Multicast Support
Classification of Routing Protocols
Proactive, Reactive, and Hybrid Routing
Structuring and Delegating the Routing Task
Exploiting Network Metrics for Routing
Evaluating Topology, Destination, and Location for Routing
Proactive Routing Protocols
Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP)
Destination-Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV)
Fisheye State Routing (FSR)
Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV)
Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Protocol
Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA)
Cluster-Based Routing Protocol (CBRP)
Location-Aided Routing (LAR)
Ant-Colony-Based Routing Algorithm (ARA)
Hybrid Routing Protocols
Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)
Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State (ZHLS)
Distributed Dynamic Routing (DDR) Protocol
Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Issues in Design of Multicast Routing Protocols
Classification of Multicast Routing Protocols
Tree-Based Multicast Routing Protocols
Mesh-Based Multicast Routing Protocols
Source-Based Multicast Routing Protocol
QoS Routing
Multicast Routing in QoS
Energy-Efficient Multicast Routing Protocols
Metrics for Energy-Efficient Multicast
EEMRP: Energy-Efficient Multicast Routing Protocol
Location-Based Multicast Routing Protocols
Preliminaries
Transport Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks
TCP’s Challenges and Design Issues in Ad Hoc Networks
Challenges
Design Goals
TCP Performance over MANETs
TCP Performance
Other Problems
Ad Hoc Transport Protocols
Split Approaches
End-to-End Approach
Quality of Service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Challenges
Hard-State versus Soft-State Resource Reservation
Stateful versus Stateless Approach
Hard QoS versus Soft QoS Approach
Classification of QoS Solutions
MAC Layer Solutions
Network Layer Solutions
QoS-Enabled Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol
QoS Extensions to AODV Protocol
Advantages and Disadvantages
QoS Frameworks for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
QoS Models
INSIGNIA
Operation of INSIGNIA Framework
Advantages and Disadvantages
INORA
Coarse Feedback Scheme
Class-Based Fine Feedback Scheme
Advantages
Energy Management Systems in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Why Energy Management Is Needed in Ad Hoc Networks
Classification of Energy Management Schemes
Overview of Battery Technologies
Principles of Battery Discharge
Impact of Discharge Characteristics on Battery Capacity
Battery Modeling
Battery-Driven System Design
Smart Battery System
Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol
Proposed Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control Protocol
Transmission Power-Management Schemes
Power Management of Ad Hoc Networks
Basic Idea of the Power Cost Calculate Balance (PCCB) Routing Protocol
Analysis of the PCCB Routing Protocol
MAC Protocol
Power Saving
Timing Synchronization Function
Power-Saving Function
Power-Saving Potential
Transmission Power Control
Adapting Transmission Power to the Channel State
MAC Techniques
Logical Link Control
AODV Protocol
Route Discovery
Route Maintenance
Local Energy-Aware Routing Based on AODV (LEAR-AODV)
Route Discovery
Route Maintenance
Power-Aware Routing Based on AODV (PAR-AODV)
Route Discovery
Route Maintenance
Lifetime Prediction Routing Based on AODV (LPR-AODV)
Route Discovery
Route Maintenance
Mobility Models for Multihop Wireless Networks
Mobility Models
Random Walk Mobility Model
Random Waypoint
The Random Direction Mobility Model
A Boundless Simulation Area
Gauss-Markov
A Probabilistic Version of Random Walk
City Section Mobility Model
Limitations of the Random Waypoint Model and Other Random Models
Mobility Models with Temporal Dependency
Mobility Models with Spatial Dependency
Mobility Models with Geographic Restriction
Cross-Layer Design Issues for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
A Definition of Cross-Layer Design
Cross-Layer Design Principle
General Motivations for Cross-Layer Design
Proposals Involving Cross-Layer Design
Creation of New Communication Interfaces
Merging of Adjacent Layers
Proposals for Implementing Cross-Layer Interactions
Direct Communication between Layers
A Shared Database across Layers
Completely New Abstractions
Cross-Layer Design: Is It Worth Applying It?
The von Neumann Architecture
Source-Channel Separation and Digital System Architecture
The OSI Architecture for Networking
Pitfalls of the Cross-Layer Design Approach
Cost of Development
Performance versus Longevity
Interaction and Unintended Consequences
Stability
Performance Objectives
Maximizing Total Capacity
Max–Min Fairness
Utility Fairness
Cross-Layer Protocols
Applications and Recent Developments in Ad Hoc Networks
Typical Applications
PAN
Applications and Opportunities
Academic Environment Applications
Defense Applications
Industrial Environment Applications
Healthcare Applications
Search and Rescue Applications
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Challenges
Security
Highlights of the Most Recent Developments in the Field
Sensors
Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
Index