Fungal Infection: Diagnosis and Management

Fungal Infection: Diagnosis and Management
Malcolm Richardson, David W. Warnock
Paperback
392 pages
September 2003

Concise, up-to-date guide to the clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and management of superficial, subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections

Table of Contents

Preface to the third edition,.
Preface to the first edition,.
Acknowledgements,.
1 Introduction,.
1.1 The nature of fungi,.
1.2 Classification and nomenclature of fungi and fungal diseases,.
1.3 Fungi as human pathogens,.
1.3.1 The superficial mycoses,.
1.3.2 The subcutaneous mycoses,.
1.3.3 The systemic mycoses,.
1.4 The changing pattern of fungal infection,.
1.5 New directions in diagnosis,.
1.6 New directions in treatment and prevention,.
2 Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infection,.
2.1 Introduction,.
2.2 Collection of specimens,.
2.2.1 Skin, nails and hair,.
2.2.2 Mucous membranes,.
2.2.3 Ear,.
2.2.4 Eye,.
2.2.5 Blood,.
2.2.6 Cerebrospinal fluid,.
2.2.7 Urine,.
2.2.8 Other fluids,.
2.2.9 Lower respiratory tract specimens,.
2.2.10 Pus,.
2.2.11 Bone marrow,.
2.2.12 Tissue,.
2.3 Specimens for serological tests,.
2.4 Specimens for antifungal drug level determinations,.
2.5 Transport of specimens,.
2.6 Interpretation of laboratory test results,.
2.6.1 Direct microscopic examination,.
2.6.2 Histopathological examination,.
2.6.3 Culture,.
2.6.4 Serological tests,.
2.7 Molecular diagnosis of fungal infection,.
3 Antifungal drugs,.
3.1 Introduction,.
3.2 Amphotericin B,.
3.2.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.2.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.2.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.2.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.2.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.2.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.2.7 Mode of administration,.
3.2.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.2.9 Drug interactions,.
3.3 Other polyene compounds for topical administration,.
3.3.1 Natamycin,.
3.3.2 Nystatin,.
3.4 Fluconazole,.
3.4.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.4.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.4.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.4.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.4.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.4.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.4.7 Mode of administration,.
3.4.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.4.9 Drug interactions,.
3.5 Itraconazole,.
3.5.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.5.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.5.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.5.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.5.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.5.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.5.7 Mode of administration,.
3.5.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.5.9 Drug interactions,.
3.6 Ketoconazole,.
3.6.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.6.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.6.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.6.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.6.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.6.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.6.7 Mode of administration,.
3.6.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.6.9 Drug interactions,.
3.7 Voriconazole,.
3.7.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.7.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.7.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.7.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.7.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.7.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.7.7 Mode of administration,.
3.7.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.7.9 Drug interactions,.
3.8 Other imidazole compounds for topical administration,.
3.8.1 Bifonazole,.
3.8.2 Butoconazole,.
3.8.3 Clotrimazole,.
3.8.4 Econazole nitrate,.
3.8.5 Fenticonazole nitrate,.
3.8.6 Isoconazole nitrate,.
3.8.7 Miconazole nitrate,.
3.8.8 Oxiconazole,.
3.8.9 Sulconazole nitrate,.
3.8.10 Terconazole,.
3.8.11 Tioconazole,.
3.9 Terbinafine,.
3.9.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.9.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.9.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.9.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.9.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.9.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.9.7 Mode of administration,.
3.9.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.9.9 Drug interactions,.
3.10 Other allylamine compounds for topical administration,.
3.10.1 Naftifine.
3.11 Caspofungin,.
3.11.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.11.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.11.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.11.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.11.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.11.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.11.7 Mode of administration,.
3.11.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.11.9 Drug interactions,.
3.12 Flucytosine,.
3.12.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.12.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.12.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.12.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.12.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.12.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.12.7 Mode of administration,.
3.12.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.12.9 Drug interactions,.
3.13 Griseofulvin,.
3.13.1 Mechanism of action,.
3.13.2 Spectrum of action,.
3.13.3 Acquired resistance,.
3.13.4 Pharmacokinetics,.
3.13.5 Pharmaceutics,.
3.13.6 Therapeutic use,.
3.13.7 Mode of administration,.
3.13.8 Adverse reactions,.
3.13.9 Drug interactions,.
3.14 Other miscellaneous compounds for topical administration,.
3.14.1 Amorolfine hydrochloride,.
3.14.2 Butenafine hydrochloride,.
3.14.3 Ciclopirox,.
3.14.4 Haloprogin,.
3.14.5 Tolnaftate,.
3.15 Empirical treatment of suspected fungal infection in the neutropenic patient,.
3.16 Prophylactic treatment for prevention of fungal infection,.
3.17 Laboratory monitoring,.
3.17.1 Antifungal drug susceptibility testing,.
3.17.2 Monitoring of blood concentrations of antifungal drugs,.
4 Dermatophytosis,.
4.1 Introduction,.
4.2 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
4.3 Laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis,.
4.4 Tinea capitis,.
4.4.1 Definition,.
4.4.2 Geographical distribution,.
4.4.3 Epidemiology,.
4.4.4 Clinical manifestations,.
4.4.5 Differential diagnosis,.
4.4.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
4.4.7 Management,.
4.4.8 Prevention,.
4.5 Tinea corporis,.
4.5.1 Definition,.
4.5.2 Geographical distribution,.
4.5.3 Epidemiology,.
4.5.4 Clinical manifestations,.
4.5.5 Differential diagnosis,.
4.5.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
4.5.7 Management,.
4.5.8 Prevention,.
4.6 Tinea cruris,.
4.6.1 Definition,.
4.6.2 Geographical distribution,.
4.6.3 Epidemiology,.
4.6.4 Clinical manifestations,.
4.6.5 Differential diagnosis,.
4.6.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
4.6.7 Management,.
4.6.8 Prevention,.
4.7 Tinea pedis.
4.74.7.1 Definition,.
4.7.2 Geographical distribution,.
4.7.3 Epidemiology,.
4.7.4 Clinical manifestations,.
4.7.5 Differential diagnosis,.
4.7.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
4.7.7 Management,.
4.7.8 Prevention,.
4.8 Tinea manuum,.
4.8.1 Definition,.
4.8.2 Geographical distribution,.
4.8.3 Epidemiology,.
4.8.4 Clinical manifestations,.
4.8.5 Differential diagnosis,.
4.8.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
4.8.7 Management,.
4.8.8 Prevention,.
4.9 Tinea unguium,.
4.9.1 Definition,.
4.9.2 Geographical distribution,.
4.9.3 Epidemiology,.
4.9.4 Clinical manifestations,.
4.9.5 Differential diagnosis,.
4.9.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
4.9.7 Management,.
4.9.8 Prevention,.
5 Superficial candidosis,.
5.1 Definition,.
5.2 Geographical distribution,.
5.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
5.4 Epidemiology,.
5.5 Clinical manifestations,.
5.55.5.1 Oropharyngeal candidosis,.
5.55.5.2 Vaginal candidosis,.
5.55.5.3 Penile candidosis,.
5.55.5.4 Cutaneous candidosis,.
5.5.5 Candida nail infection,.
5.5.6 Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis,.
5.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
5.7 Management,.
5.7.1 Oropharyngeal candidosis,.
5.7.2 Vaginal candidosis,.
5.7.3 Penile candidosis,.
5.7.4 Cutaneous candidosis,.
5.7.5 Candida nail infection,.
5.7.6 Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis,.
5.8 Prevention,.
6 Other cutaneous fungal infections,.
6.1 Pityriasis versicolor,.
6.1.1 Definition,.
6.1.2 Geographical distribution,.
6.1.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
6.1.4 Epidemiology,.
6.1.5 Clinical manifestations,.
6.1.6 Differential diagnosis,.
6.1.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
6.1.8 Management,.
6.2 Other Malassezia infections,.
6.2.1 Malassezia folliculitis,.
6.2.2 Seborrhoeic dermatitis,.
6.3 Piedra,.
6.4 White piedra,.
6.4.1 Definition,.
6.4.2 Geographical distribution,.
6.4.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
6.4.4 Epidemiology.
6.4.5 Clinical manifestations,.
6.4.6 Differential diagnosis,.
6.4.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
6.4.8 Management,.
6.5 Black piedra,.
6.5.1 Definition,.
6.5.2 Geographical distribution,.
6.5.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
6.5.4 Epidemiology,.
6.5.5 Clinical manifestations,.
6.5.6 Differential diagnosis,.
6.5.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
6.5.8 Management,.
6.6 Tinea nigra,.
6.6.1 Definition,.
6.6.2 Geographical distribution,.
6.6.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
6.6.4 Epidemiology,.
6.6.5 Clinical manifestations,.
6.6.6 Differential diagnosis,.
6.6.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
6.6.8 Management,.
6.7 Scytadidium infection,.
6.8 Alternaria infection,.
7 Mould infections of nails,.
7.1 Definition,.
7.2 Geographical distribution,.
7.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
7.4 Epidemiology,.
7.5 Clinical manifestations,.
7.6 Differential diagnosis,.
7.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
7.8 Management,.
7.9 Prevention,.
8 Keratomycosis,.
8.1 Definition,.
8.2 Geographical distribution,.
8.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
8.4 Epidemiology,.
8.5 Clinical manifestations,.
8.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
8.7 Management,.
9 Otomycosis,.
9.1 Definition,.
9.2 Geographical distribution,.
9.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
9.4 Epidemiology,.
9.5 Clinical manifestations,.
9.6 Differential diagnosis,.
9.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
9.8 Management,.
10 Aspergillosis,.
10.1 Definition,.
10.2 Geographical distribution,.
10.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
10.4 Epidemiology,.
10.5 Clinical manifestations,.
10.5.1 Acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis,.
10.5.2 Tracheobronchitis and obstructing bronchial aspergillosis,.
10.5.3 Acute invasive sinusitis,.
10.5.4 Cerebral aspergillosis,.
10.5.5 Cutaneous aspergillosis,.
10.5.6 Pulmonary aspergilloma,.
10.5.7 Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis,.
10.5.8 Chronic invasive sinusitis,.
10.5.9 Paranasal sinus fungus ball,.
10.5.10 Endocarditis,.
10.5.11 Osteomyelitis,.
10.5.12 Endophthalmitis,.
10.5.13 Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis,.
10.5.14 Allergic sinusitis,.
10.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
10.6.1 Microscopy,.
10.6.2 Culture,.
10.6.3 Skin tests,.
10.6.4 Serological tests,.
10.6.5 Molecular diagnostics,.
10.7 Management,.
10.7.1 Acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis,.
10.7.2 Tracheobronchitis and obstructing bronchial aspergillosis,.
10.7.3 Acute invasive sinusitis,.
10.7.4 Cerebral aspergillosis,.
10.7.5 Cutaneous aspergillosis,.
10.7.6 Pulmonary aspergilloma,.
10.7.7 Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis,.
10.7.8 Chronic invasive sinusitis,.
10.7.9 Paranasal sinus fungus ball,.
10.7.10 Endocarditis,.
10.7.11 Osteomyelitis,.
10.7.12 Endophthalmitis,.
10.7.13 Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis,.
10.7.14 Allergic sinusitis,.
10.8 Prevention.
10.8.1 Environmental strategies,.
10.8.2 Therapeutic strategies,.
11 Invasive candidosis,.
11.1 Definition,.
11.2 Geographical distribution,.
11.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
11.4 Epidemiology,.
11.5 Clinical manifestations,.
11.511.5.1 Acute disseminated candidosis and candidaemia,.
11.5.2 Chronic disseminated candidosis,.
11.5.3 Lower urinary tract candidosis,.
11.5.4 Renal candidosis,.
11.5.5 Pulmonary candidosis,.
11.5.6 Osteomyelitis and arthritis,.
11.5.7 Peritonitis,.
11.5.8 Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis and other vascular infections,.
11.5.9 Meningitis,.
11.5.1011.5.10 Endophthalmitis and chorioretinitis,.
11.5.11 Oesophagitis,.
11.5.12 Gastrointestinal candidosis,.
11.5.13 Intrauterine candidosis,.
11.6 Candidosis in special hosts,.
11.6.1 Drug abusers,.
11.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
11.7.1 Microscopy,.
11.7.2 Culture,.
11.7.3 Serological tests,.
11.7.4 D-arabinitol detection,.
11.7.5 Molecular diagnostics,.
11.8 Management,.
11.8.1 Acute disseminated candidosis and candidaemia,.
11.8.2 Chronic disseminated candidosis,.
11.8.3 Lower urinary tract candidosis,.
11.8.4 Renal candidosis,.
11.8.5 Pulmonary candidosis,.
11.8.6 Osteomyelitis and arthritis,.
11.8.7 Peritonitis,.
11.8.8 Endocarditis and other vascular infection,.
11.8.9 Meningitis,.
11.8.10 Endophthalmitis,.
11.8.11 Oesophagitis,.
11.9 Prevention,.
12 Cryptococcosis,.
12.1 Definition,.
12.2 Geographical distribution,.
12.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
12.4 Epidemiology,.
12.5 Clinical manifestations,.
12.5.1 Pulmonary cryptococcosis,.
12.5.2 CNS cryptococcosis,.
12.5.3 Cutaneous cryptococcosis,.
12.5.4 Osteomyelitis,.
12.5.5 Other forms of cryptococcosis,.
12.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
12.6.1 Microscopy,.
12.6.2 Culture,.
12.6.3 Serological tests,.
12.7 Management,.
12.7.1 Pulmonary and non-CNS cryptococcosis,.
12.7.2 CNS cryptococcosis,.
12.7.3 Management of increased intracranial pressure,.
12.8 Prevention,.
13 Mucormycosis,.
13.1 Definition,.
13.2 Geographical distribution,.
13.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
13.4 Epidemiology,.
13.5 Clinical manifestations,.
13.5.1 Rhinocerebral mucormycosis,.
13.5.2 Pulmonary mucormycosis,.
13.5.3 Gastrointestinal mucormycosis,.
13.5.4 Cutaneous mucormycosis,.
13.5.5 Disseminated mucormycosis,.
13.5.6 Other forms of mucormycosis,.
13.6 Differential diagnosis,.
13.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
13.7.1 Microscopy,.
13.7.2 Culture,.
13.7.3 Serological tests,.
13.8 Management,.
13.9 Prevention,.
14 Blastomycosis.
14.1 Definition,.
14.2 Geographical distribution,.
14.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
14.4 Epidemiology,.
14.5 Clinical manifestations,.
14.5.1 Pulmonary blastomycosis,.
14.5.2 Cutaneous blastomycosis,.
14.5.3 Osteoarticular blastomycosis,.
14.5.4 Genitourinary blastomycosis,.
14.5.5 Other forms of disseminated blastomycosis,.
14.6 Differential diagnosis,.
14.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
14.7.1 Microscopy,.
14.7.2 Culture,.
14.7.3 Serological tests,.
14.8 Management,.
14.8.1 Pulmonary blastomycosis,.
14.8.2 Disseminated blastomycosis,.
14.9 Prevention,.
15 Coccidioidomycosis.
15.1 Definition,.
15.2 Geographical distribution,.
15.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
15.4 Epidemiology,.
15.5 Clinical manifestations,.
15.5.1 Acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis,.
15.5.2 Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis,.
15.5.3 Disseminated coccidioidomycosis,.
15.6 Differential diagnosis,.
15.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
15.7.1 Microscopy,.
15.7.2 Culture,.
15.7.3 Skin tests,.
15.7.4 Serological tests,.
15.8 Management,.
15.8.1 Acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis,.
15.8.2 Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis,.
15.8.3 Disseminated coccidioidomycosis,.
15.8.4 Meningitis,.
15.9 Prevention,.
16 Histoplasmosis,.
16.1 Definition,.
16.2 Geographical distribution,.
16.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
16.4 Epidemiology,.
16.5 Clinical manifestations,.
16.5.1 Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis,.
16.5.2 Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis,.
16.5.3 Disseminated histoplasmosis,.
16.5.4 African histoplasmosis,.
16.6 Differential diagnosis,.
16.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
16.7.1 Microscopy,.
16.7.2 Culture,.
16.7.3 Skin tests,.
16.7.4 Serological tests,.
16.8 Management,.
16.8.1 Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis,.
16.8.2 Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis,.
16.8.3 Disseminated histoplasmosis,.
16.9 Prevention.
.
17 Paracoccidioidomycosis,.
17.1 Definition,.
17.2 Geographical distribution,.
17.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
17.4 Epidemiology,.
17.5 Clinical manifestations,.
17.5.1 Chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis,.
17.5.2 Mucocutaneous paracoccidioidomycosis,.
17.5.3 Other forms of disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis,.
17.6 Differential diagnosis,.
17.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
17.7.1 Microscopy,.
17.7.2 Culture,.
17.7.3 Serological tests,.
17.8 Management,.
17.9 Prevention,.
18 Chromoblastomycosis,.
18.1 Definition,.
18.2 Geographical distribution,.
18.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
18.4 Epidemiology,.
18.5 Clinical manifestations,.
18.6 Differential diagnosis,.
18.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
18.7.1 Microscopy,.
18.7.2 Culture,.
18.7.3 Serological tests,.
18.8 Management,.
19 Entomophthoramycosis,.
19.1 Definition,.
19.2 Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis,.
19.2.1 Definition,.
19.2.2 Geographical distribution,.
19.2.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
19.2.4 Epidemiology,.
19.2.5 Clinical manifestations,.
19.2.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
19.2.7 Management,.
19.3 Basidiobolomycosis,.
19.3.1 Definition,.
19.3.2 Geographical distribution,.
19.3.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
19.3.4 Epidemiology,.
19.3.5 Clinical manifestations,.
19.3.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
19.3.7 Management,.
20 Lobomycosis,.
20.1 Definition,.
20.2 Geographical distribution,.
20.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
20.4 Epidemiology,.
20.5 Clinical manifestations,.
20.6 Differential diagnosis,.
20.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
20.8 Management,.
21 Mycetoma.
21.1 Definition,.
21.2 Geographical distribution,.
21.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
21.4 Epidemiology,.
21.5 Clinical manifestations,.
21.6 Differential diagnosis,.
21.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
21.7.1 Gross examination,.
21.7.2 Microscopy,.
21.7.3 Culture,.
21.7.4 Serological tests,.
21.8 Management,.
22 Rhinosporidiosis,.
22.1 Definition,.
22.2 Geographical distribution,.
22.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
22.4 Epidemiology,.
22.5 Clinical manifestations,.
22.6 Differential diagnosis,.
22.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
22.8 Management,.
23 Sporotrichosis,.
23.1 Definition,.
23.2 Geographical distribution,.
23.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
23.4 Epidemiology,.
23.5 Clinical manifestations,.
23.5.1 Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis,.
23.5.2 Extracutaneous sporotrichosis,.
23.6 Differential diagnosis,.
23.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
23.7.1 Microscopy,.
23.7.2 Culture,.
23.7.3 Serological tests,.
23.8 Management,.
23.9 Prevention,.
24 Hyalohyphomycosis,.
24.1 Definition,.
24.2 Fusarium infection,.
24.2.1 Geographical distribution,.
24.2.2 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
24.2.3 Epidemiology,.
24.2.4 Clinical manifestations,.
24.2.5 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
24.2.6 Management,.
24.2.7 Prevention,.
24.3 Scedosporium apiospermum infection,.
24.3.1 Geographical distribution,.
24.3.2 The causal organism and its habitat,.
24.3.3 Epidemiology,.
24.3.4 Clinical manifestations,.
24.3.5 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
24.3.6 Management,.
24.4 Other agents of hyalohyphomycosis,.
25 Penicillium marneffei infection,.
25.1 Definition,.
25.2 Geographical distribution,.
25.3 The causal organism and its habitat,.
25.4 Epidemiology,.
25.5 Clinical manifestations,.
25.6 Differential diagnosis,.
25.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
25.7.1 Microscopy,.
25.7.2 Culture,.
25.7.3 Serological tests,.
25.8 Management,.
25.9 Prevention,.
26 Phaeohyphomycosis,.
26.1 Definition,.
26.2 Geographical distribution,.
26.3 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
26.4 Epidemiology,.
26.5 Clinical manifestations,.
26.5.1 Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis,.
26.5.2 Sinusitis,.
26.5.3 Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis,.
26.5.4 Other forms of phaeohyphomycosis,.
26.6 Differential diagnosis,.
26.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
26.7.1 Microscopy,.
26.7.2 Culture,.
26.7.3 Serological tests,.
26.8 Management,.
26.8.1 Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis,.
26.8.2 Sinusitis,.
26.8.3 Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis,.
26.8.4 Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis,.
27 Other invasive yeast infections.
27.1 Introduction,.
27.2 Systemic Malassezia infection,.
27.2.1 Geographical distribution,.
27.2.2 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
27.2.3 Epidemiology,.
27.2.4 Clinical manifestations,.
27.2.5 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
27.2.6 Management,.
27.3 Trichosporonosis,.
27.3.1 Geographical distribution,.
27.3.2 The causal organisms and their habitat,.
27.3.3 Epidemiology,.
27.3.4 Clinical manifestations,.
27.3.5 Essential investigations and their interpretation,.
27.3.6 Management,.
27.4 Other yeast infections,.
Select bibliography,.
Index,