The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens

The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens

Author: R.J. Cook, K.F. Baker
ISBN: 9780890540534
Pages: 539
Format: 16 Χ 24
Binding: Hardback
Pub. Year: 1983

Examines the broad subject of biological control of plant pathogens in a unified framework of concepts and principles. Among the principal themes is the fact that slight changes in an environmental factor often produce striking effects in plant-microbe interactions.

Contents

Why Biological Control? Biological Control Answers Many Agricultural Problems; Increasing Crop Production Within Existing Resources; Avoiding Development of Pathogen Resistance to Chemicals; Adopting Practices Compatible with Sustainable Agriculture; Biological Balance; Effects of Agriculture on Biological Balance; Historical Constraints on the Use of Biological Control with Antagonists; The Potential of Gene Manipulation; Developmental History of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens; Introduced Antagonists; Resident Antagonists; Mycoparasites; Suppressive Soils; Some Landmark Events of the Past Fifty Years; Conferences and Symposia on Biological Control; Components of Biological Control; Definition of Biological Control; The Pathogen as a Component of Biological Control; Antagonists as Components of Biological Control; The Host Plant as a Component of Biological Control; Role of the Abiotic Environment in Biological Control; Biological Control Related to Other Controls; Approaches to Biological Control; Biological Control of Inoculum; Biological Destruction of Dormant Propagules; Prevention of Inoculum Formation; Displacement of the Pathogen in Crop Residue; Manipulation of Factors Inherent in the Pathogen; Biological Protection Against Infection; Protection of Plant Material; Protection of Roots with Biological Seed Treatments; Biological Protection of Foliage and Flowers; Inoculation of Pruning Wounds with Antagonists; Cross Protection and Induced Resistance; Virus Control by Cross Protection; Control of Fungus Pathogens by Cross Protection; Use of Multilines and Variety Mixtures; Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi; The Pathogen in Biological Control; Food and Energy Management by Parasites During Parasitism; Preventing Accumulation of Excess Nutrients; Polluting the Infection Site or Lesion; Modifying the Physical Environment of the Host; Converting Food into New Propagules; Micovirus Infections and Hypovirulence; Hypovirulence in Endothia parasitica and its Role in Biocontrol; Pathological Effects of Hypovirulence in Rhizoctonia solani; Hypovirulence in Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Maintenance and Defense in the Absence of a Suscept--The Bear Market After a Bull Market; Diversification as a Method of Resource Management; Saprophytic Survival; Survival as Dormant Propagules in Soil; Initiation and Maintenance of Growth in Response to a Suscept--The Beginning of a Bull Market After a Bear Market; Inoculation; Pathogen Response to the Host; Water Requirements of Pathogens; The Host and Biological Control; Plant Water Potentials; Plant Water Potentials for Pathogen Growth and for Biological Control with Antagonists; Influence of Plant Water Potentials on Resistance of Plants to Pathogens; Plant Temperature; Leaf Temperatures for Growth of Pathogens and for Biological Control by Antagonists; Influence of Plant Temperature on Resistance of Plants to Pathogens; Predisposition by Chilling Injury and Freezing; Oxygen in Plants and in the Root Zone; Mineral Nutrition and Ionic Balance; Nutritional Environment and Antagonistic Interactions Among Microorganisms on Plant Surfaces; Root Exudation, Dynamics of Root Growth, and Colonization of the Rhizophere and Rhizoplane; Exudation and Leaching from Aerial Parts; Colonization of Aerial Parts by Microorganisms; Debris as a Source of Nutrients on Aerial Parts of Plants; Protection of Leaves and Flowers by the Phylloplane Microbiota; Compartmentalization and Biological Control of Decay in Trees; The Active Role of the Host in Biological Control; Cell - Cell Communication Between Plants and Microorganisms; Cell Membrane Integrity as a Factor in Success of the Host-Pathogen Interaction; Host Defense by Physical or Chemical Containment of the Pathogen ; Cross Protection and Induced Resistance; Direct Antagonism of the Pathogen by a Nonpathogen; Induced Resistance; Enhanced Host-Plant Resistance with Mycorrhizae; The Soil Ecosystem and Biological Control; Soil Water and Aeration as Factors in Biological Control; Some Basic Concepts; Water Potential Requirements for Growth, and the Relative Competitive Advantage of Microorganisms in Soil; Soil Water Content and Diffusion of Solutes; Water-Filled Pores and the Motility of Soil Microorganisms; Soil Aeration and Biological Control; The Microbial Biomass of Soil; Amounts and Methods of Measurement; Influence of Heat Treatments and Fumigation; Soil Fungistasis; Crop Residue Decomposition in Relation to Biological Control; Pathogen-Suppressive Soils; General and Specific Suppression; Soils Suppressive to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Fusarium-Suppressive Soils; Phytophthora-Suppressive Soils; Pythium-Suppressive Soils; Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani in Suppressive Soil; Introduction of Antagonists for Biological Control; Antagonists as Soil Treatments; Introduction of Hyperparasites; Introduction of Saprophytes for Colonization of Treated Soil; Antagonists Applied with the Planting Material; Biological Seed Treatments; Inoculation of Cuttings and Transplants; Postplanting Treatment with Antagonists; Postharvest Biological Control; Antagonistae Vitae; Agricultural Practices and Biological Control; Cropping System; Preplant Soil Treatments; Tillage; Organic Amendments; Flooding; Solar Heating of Soil; Fertilization and Adjustment of Soil pH; Methods and Date of Planting; Irrigation Practices; Modification of the Environment to Favor Antagonists; Alleviation of Predisposing Plant Water Stress; Selection of the Best Combination of Practices; Perspectives; Detection of Effective Antagonists; Unexploited Opportunities for Biological Control; Unusual Approaches to the Discovery of Biological Control; Biological Control in Less Developed Countries, and Some Lessons for the Agriculture of More Developed Countries; A Partner at the Feast; Expectations for Biological Control; Literature Cited; Index